Translate Roman numerals to numbers and numbers to Roman numerals.
Translate Roman numerals to numbers and numbers to Roman numerals.
Enter values above and click Calculate — results will appear here with the formula explained.
Roman numerals encode place through position rather than symbols-for-zero: a smaller symbol preceding a larger one subtracts (IV = 4), while following ones add (VI = 6). Seven letters generate every number from I through MMMCMXCIX (3,999) in standard form.
Subtractive pairs follow strict rules — only IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM exist legitimately. Strings like 'IIII' or 'VX' parse arithmetically but violate classical convention; the converter flags non-canonical input and shows the proper spelling.
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Roman Numeral Converter: Translate Roman numerals to numbers and numbers to Roman numerals. Formula: values: I=1 V=5 X=10 L=50 C=100 D=500 M=1000. Example: MMXXVI decodes right-to-left: 1000+1000+10+10+5+1 = 2026.
Roman numerals encode place through position rather than symbols-for-zero: a smaller symbol preceding a larger one subtracts (IV = 4), while following ones add (VI = 6). Seven letters generate every number from I through MMMCMXCIX (3,999) in standard form.
Subtractive pairs follow strict rules — only IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM exist legitimately. Strings like 'IIII' or 'VX' parse arithmetically but violate classical convention; the converter flags non-canonical input and shows the proper spelling.
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MMXXVI decodes right-to-left: 1000+1000+10+10+5+1 = 2026. Entering 2026 returns MMXXVI identically.
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